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What is Steel Structure

A steel structure is made of prefabricated materials (steel), processed into components in the factory, and then assembled on site. Therefore, the connection nodes between components are essential to forming the steel structure and ensuring its safe and regular operation.

Types of Structure Steel

1. Portal frame;

2. Frame structure – pure frame, central support frame, eccentric support frame, frame tube (dense column frame);

3. Grid structure – grid, grid shell;

4. Cable membrane structure – cable suspension and membrane structure, including tensioned, skeleton, and inflatable.

Steel structures are widely used in buildings, mainly in the following aspects:

1. High-rise buildings

Structure Steel has the advantages of high strength, lightweight, and earthquake resistance, so they are widely used in high-rise buildings. Compared with concrete structures, steel structures can reduce self-weight and foundation costs. Many super high-rise buildings worldwide, such as Burj Khalifa and Shanghai Tower, use steel structures or steel-concrete hybrid structures.

2. Bridge

Bridges with rigid frames are the primary load-bearing structures. The beams and legs or piers (platforms) form a rigid connection. Due to the consolidation of the piers and beams, the beams and piers are subjected to force as a whole. The piers bear the vertical pressure caused by the load on the beams, the bending moment, and horizontal thrust. The famous Golden Gate Bridge and Tower Bridge in London use steel structures.

3. Industrial buildings

Structure steel, such as plants and warehouses, is mainly used in industrial buildings. They have a short construction period and a large span. A steel frame can be 36 meters without a central column, which meets the layout of indoor production equipment and improves space utilization.

4. Steel structure housing

Steel housing is mainly used in countries and regions with frequent earthquakes. It provides better safety protection and offers simple construction and environmental protection advantages compared with traditional brick-concrete structures.

Common problems in steel structure design:

Steel structure design directly affects the safety and stability of the structure. Many factors will affect the structural design, so it is necessary to start from multiple angles to do an excellent job in steel structure design.

1. After getting the building drawings, do not blindly model and calculate. First, conduct a comprehensive analysis, communicate with the architect, and fully understand the various situations of the project.
2. Preprocessing work before modeling and calculation. For example, loads should be calculated accurately and cannot be estimated. Enter it entirely following construction practice or use requirements.
3. When modeling the building structure, you must understand the meaning of each parameter, not modify the parameters blindly, and have a basis for modification.
4. The calculation should fully consider the economy under technical conditions. The component’s cross-section shall not be increased at will.

Advantages of steel structure over traditional buildings:

Different service life

Data show that the service life of metal structures is generally more than 50 years, and some can be used for more than 100 years, while the service life of reinforced concrete structures is generally about 40 years. Since steel structures have the advantage of reusability that reinforced concrete structures do not have, as long as the frame structure is not damaged, the service life of steel buildings can be extended by redecoration.

Differences in structural stability

Since steel is lightweight, high-strength, and has good compressive performance, its structural stability is better than that of reinforced concrete structures. In addition, the steel components are more precise in size, industrialized in production, and highly mechanized in later installation and construction, which provides a good foundation for improving the stability of steel buildings.

Different construction methods

As we all know, reinforced concrete structures are constructed using the wet method, while steel structures are built using the dry process. Therefore, the construction method of metal structures has less impact on the surrounding environment and is more in line with the trend of urban development of green buildings.

Different construction times

Because the steel used in steel buildings is generally calculated by tonnage, all components are manufactured in the factory and then transported to the construction site for hoisting and construction. Hence, its construction period is shorter than that of reinforced concrete structures.